Ihe akara a na-ahụkarị

Silicon carbide(碳化硅)

A na-eme silicon carbide site na ngwakọta silica na coke. Ọ dị ka seramiiki na kemịkalụ, mana ọ nwere àgwà mmanye mmanye mma ma sie ike karị, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngwọta dị mma na-eyi akwa siri ike maka gburugburu ebe siri ike.

Enwere ike ịsacha ya ọzọ ma na-egbuke egbuke ka e wee megharịa akara ọtụtụ ugboro n'oge ndụ ya. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ụzọ dị iche iche, dị ka na nchikota igwe maka ezigbo nguzogide corrosion kemịkalụ, ike dị elu, isi ike dị elu, nkwụsi ike dị mma, obere ọnụọgụ esemokwu na nguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu.

Mgbe ejiri ya maka ihu akara igwe, silicon carbide na-arụpụta arụmọrụ ka mma, ndụ akara na-abawanye, ọnụ ahịa mmezi dị ala, yana ọnụ ala na-agba ọsọ maka ngwa ngbanwe dị ka turbines, compressors, na nfuli centrifugal. Silicon carbide nwere ike inwe ihe dị iche iche dabere n'otú e siri rụọ ya. A na-emepụta mmeghachi omume silicon carbide site na ijikọ ihe ndị dị na silicon carbide na ibe ha na usoro mmeghachi omume.

Usoro a anaghị emetụta ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị dị na anụ ahụ na nke okpomọkụ nke ihe ahụ, agbanyeghị na ọ na-amachi nguzogide kemịkalụ nke ihe ahụ. Kemịkalụ a na-ahụkarị bụ nsogbu bụ caustics (na kemịkalụ pH ndị ọzọ dị elu) na acid siri ike, ya mere, a gaghị eji silicon carbide na-emeghachi omume na ngwa ndị a.

A na-eme silicon carbide na-eme onwe ya site n'iji ihe enyemaka na-abụghị oxide na gburugburu ebe okpomọkụ karịrị 2,000C. N'ihi enweghị ihe nke abụọ (dị ka silicon), ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-eguzogide ọgwụ na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmiri ọ bụla na usoro nhazi nke a ga-ahụ na mgbapụta centrifugal.

Tungsten carbide(硬质合金)

Tungsten carbide bụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu dị ka silicon carbide, mana ọ dabara na ngwa nrụgide dị elu n'ihi na ọ nwere ngbanwe dị elu nke na-enye ya ohere ịgbatị ntakịrị ma gbochie mgbagha ihu. Dị ka silicon carbide, enwere ike ịtinye ya ma kpochaa ya.

A na-arụpụtakarị carbide Tungsten dị ka carbide ciment, yabụ na ọ nweghị mbọ ijikọ tungsten carbide n'onwe ya. A na-agbakwunye ígwè nke abụọ iji jikọta ma ọ bụ simenti tungsten carbide particles ọnụ, na-eme ka ihe nwere ihe jikọrọ ya na tungsten carbide na ihe nkedo ígwè.

A na-eji nke a mee ihe n'uru site n'inye ike siri ike na ike mmetụta karịa ka o kwere mee na tungsten carbide naanị. Otu n'ime adịghị ike nke tungsten carbide cimented bụ nnukwu njupụta ya. N'oge gara aga, a na-eji tungsten carbide na-ejikọta cobalt, n'agbanyeghị na ejirila tungsten carbide na-ejikọta ya na nickel dochie ya nke nta nke nta n'ihi na ọ na-enweghị oke nke ndakọrịta kemịkalụ achọrọ maka ụlọ ọrụ.

Tungsten carbide na-ejikọta nickel bụ nke a na-ejikarị maka ihu akara ebe a na-achọ ike dị elu na ihe siri ike, yana ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta kemịkalụ n'ozuzu nke nickel efu na-ejedebe.

Ceramic(陶瓷)

Seramiiki bụ ihe inorganic na-abụghị ọla emere site na ogige eke ma ọ bụ nke sịntetik, nke na-abụkarị alumina oxide ma ọ bụ alumina. Ọ nwere ebe mgbaze dị elu, isi ike dị elu, nkwụsi ike dị elu na nguzogide oxidisation, ya mere a na-eji ya eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ dị ka igwe, chemicals, petroleum, pharmaceutical na ụgbọala.

Ọ nwekwara ezigbo dielectric Njirimara na a na-ejikarị maka eletriki insulators, eyi ihe na-eguzogide ọgwụ, egweri media, na elu okpomọkụ components. N'ime ihe dị ọcha dị elu, alumina nwere nguzogide kemịkalụ dị mma nye ọtụtụ mmiri usoro ndị ọzọ karịa ụfọdụ acid siri ike, na-eduga n'iji ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ngwa akara igwe. Agbanyeghị, alumina nwere ike gbajie ngwa ngwa n'okpuru ujo ọkụ, nke gbochiri iji ya na ngwa ụfọdụ ebe nke a nwere ike ịbụ okwu.

Carbon(碳)

Carbon eji eme ihe na ihu akara bụ mixture nke amorphous carbon na graphite, na pasent nke ọ bụla na-ekpebi ihe anụ ahụ na ọkwa ikpeazụ nke carbon. Ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, nke kwụsiri ike nke nwere ike ịra mmanụ n'onwe ya.

A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka otu n'ime ụzọ ihu njedebe na akara igwe, ọ bụkwa ihe a ma ama maka akara segmential segferential na mgbanaka piston n'okpuru nkụ ma ọ bụ obere mmanu. Ngwakọta carbon/graphite a nwekwara ike tinye ya n'ihe ndị ọzọ iji nye ya njirimara dị iche iche dị ka mbelata porosity, ịrụ ọrụ ejiji ka mma ma ọ bụ ike dị mma.

Akara carbon resin nke thermoset bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka akara igwe, yana ọtụtụ carbon resin impregnated nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ kemịkalụ site na ntọala siri ike ruo acid siri ike. Ha nwekwara ezigbo esemokwu yana modul zuru oke iji nyere aka ịchịkwa mgbagha nrụgide. Ihe a dabara adaba maka ọrụ izugbe ruo 260°C (500°F) n'ime mmiri, jụrụ oyi, mmanụ ọkụ, mmanụ, ihe ngwọta kemịkalụ ọkụ, na ngwa nri na ọgwụ.

Akara carbon nke nwere mgbochi nke Antimony gosikwara na ọ ga-aga nke ọma n'ihi ike na modulus nke antimony, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ngwa nrụgide dị elu mgbe achọrọ ihe siri ike na nke siri ike. Akara ndị a na-eguzogidekwa ọnya na ngwa nwere mmiri viscosity dị elu ma ọ bụ ọkụ hydrocarbons, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ọkwa ọkwa maka ọtụtụ ngwa nchacha.

Enwere ike itinye carbon na ndị na-emebu ihe nkiri dị ka fluorides maka ịgba ọsọ akọrọ, cryogenics na ngwa oghere, ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi oxidation dị ka phosphates maka oke okpomọkụ, ọsọ dị elu, na ngwa turbine ruo 800ft/ sk na gburugburu 537°C (1,000°F).

Buna(丁钠橡胶）)

Buna (nke a makwaara dị ka rọba nitrile) bụ elastomer dị ọnụ ahịa maka O-rings, sealants na ngwaahịa a kpụrụ akpụ. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ nrụpụta ya ma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na mmanụ, petrochemical na ngwa kemịkalụ. A na-ejikwa ya maka mmanụ crude, mmiri, mmanya dị iche iche, griiz silicone na ngwa mmiri hydraulic n'ihi enweghị ike ime ya.

Dị ka Buna bụ roba copolymer sịntetik, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ngwa na-achọ adhesion ígwè na abrasion ihe onwunwe, na nke a kemịkal ndabere na-emekwa ka ọ dị mma maka sealant ngwa. Ọzọkwa, ọ nwere ike idi obere okpomọkụ dị ka e mere ya na ogbenye acid na nwayọọ alkali iguzogide.

Buna nwere oke na ngwa nwere oke ihe dị ka oke okpomoku, ihu igwe, ìhè anyanwụ na ngwa nguzogide uzuoku, ma adabaghị na ebe dị ọcha (CIP) nke nwere acid na peroxides.

EPDM（三元乙丙橡胶）

EPDM bụ rọba sịntetịt nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụgbọala, ihe owuwu na ngwa igwe maka akara na O-mgbanaka, tubing na washers. Ọ dị ọnụ karịa Buna, mana ọ nwere ike iguzogide ụdị okpomọkụ dị iche iche, ihu igwe na akụrụngwa n'ihi ike dị elu na-adịte aka. Ọ bụ vasatail na mma maka ngwa metụtara mmiri, chlorine, ịcha ọcha na ndị ọzọ alkaline ihe.

N'ihi ihe na-agbanwe na nrapado ya, ozugbo agbatịchara, EPDM na-alaghachi n'ụdị mbụ ya n'agbanyeghị ọnọdụ okpomọkụ. A naghị atụ aro EPDM maka mmanụ mmanụ, mmiri mmiri, hydrocarbon chlorinated ma ọ bụ ngwa ihe mgbaze mmiri.

Viton(氟橡胶）

Viton bụ ihe na-adịte aka, arụmọrụ dị elu, fluorinated, ngwaahịa rọba hydrocarbon nke a na-ejikarị na O-Rings na akàrà. Ọ dị oke ọnụ karịa ihe ndị ọzọ rọba mana ọ bụ nhọrọ kachasị mma maka mkpa mkpuchi kacha sie ike ma na-achọsi ike.

Na-eguzogide ozone, oxidation na ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị oke egwu, gụnyere ihe ndị dị ka aliphatic na aromatic hydrocarbons, mmiri halogenated na ihe acid siri ike, ọ bụ otu n'ime fluoroelastomer siri ike karị.

Ịhọrọ ihe ziri ezi maka akaraing dị mkpa maka ịga nke ọma nke ngwa. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ihe mkpuchi yiri ya, nke ọ bụla na-eje ozi dị iche iche iji gboo mkpa ọ bụla.

GFPTFE

GFPTFE nwere ezigbo nguzogide kemịkalụ, iko agbakwunyere na-ebelata esemokwu nke ihu mkpuchi. Ọ dị mma maka ngwa dị ọcha ma dị ọnụ ala karịa ihe ndị ọzọ. Enwere sub-iche dị ka mma dakọtara akara na ihe ndị a chọrọ na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ ya n'ozuzu ya.