Mea sila maʻamau

Silicon carbide（碳化硅）

Hana ʻia ʻo Silicon carbide e ka hui ʻana i ka silica a me ka coke. Ua like ia me ka ceramic, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano lubrication a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, e hana ana i kahi hopena paʻakikī maikaʻi no nā kaiapuni paʻakikī.

Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou ʻia kahi sila i nā manawa he nui i kona ola ʻana. Hoʻohana maʻamau ia me ka mechanically, e like me nā sila mechanical no kona kūpaʻa kino kino maikaʻi, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi, liʻiliʻi friction coefficient a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe.

Ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā alo mechanical seal, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana silicon carbide, hoʻonui i ke ola seal, haʻahaʻa i nā kumukūʻai mālama, a me nā kumukūʻai holo haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea hana e like me nā turbines, compressors, a me nā pump centrifugal. Hiki i ka Silicon carbide ke loaʻa nā waiwai like ʻole ma muli o ke ʻano i hana ʻia ai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka carbide silika hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻāpana silika carbide i kekahi i kekahi ma ke kaʻina hana.

ʻAʻole pili nui kēia kaʻina hana i ka hapa nui o nā waiwai kino a me nā mea wela o ka mea, akā naʻe e kaupalena ʻia ke kūpaʻa kemika o ka mea. ʻO nā kemika maʻamau i pilikia he caustics (a me nā kemika pH kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe) a me nā waikawa ikaika, a no laila ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka carbide silicon reaction-bonded me kēia mau noi.

Hana ʻia ka carbide silicon self-sintered ma o ka sintering silicon carbide particles i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kōkua non-oxide sintering i loko o kahi kaiapuni inert ma nā mahana ma luna o 2,000°C. Ma muli o ka nele o kahi mea lua (e like me ke silikoni), ʻo ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia pololei ʻia ke kūʻokoʻa i nā ʻano wai a me nā ʻano hana i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka pauma centrifugal.

ʻO ke kalapona ʻo Tungsten（硬质合金）

ʻO ka tungsten carbide kahi mea maʻalahi loa e like me ka silicon carbide, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā noi kiʻekiʻe no ka mea ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka elasticity e hiki ai ke hoʻololi iki a pale i ka distortion maka. E like me ka silicon carbide, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia a hoʻoliʻi ʻia.

Hana ʻia ʻo Tungsten carbide e like me ka cemented carbide no laila ʻaʻohe hoʻāʻo e hoʻopaʻa i ka tungsten carbide iā ia iho. Hoʻohui ʻia kahi metala lua e hoʻopaʻa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻāpana tungsten carbide i hui pū ʻia, e hopena i kahi mea i loaʻa nā waiwai i hui pū ʻia o ka tungsten carbide a me ka mea hoʻopili metala.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia i kahi pōmaikaʻi ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika o ka hopena ma mua o ka hiki me ka tungsten carbide wale nō. ʻO kekahi o nā nāwaliwali o ka tungsten carbide cemented ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka cobalt-bound tungsten carbide, akā naʻe, ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia e ka nickel-bound tungsten carbide ma muli o ka nele i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohālikelike kemika e pono ai no ka ʻoihana.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Nickel-bound tungsten carbide no nā maka sila kahi i makemake ʻia ai ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, a loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻohālikelike kemika maikaʻi i kaupalena ʻia e ka nickel manuahi.

Keramika（陶瓷）

He mau mea metala ʻole nā ​​ceramics i hana ʻia mai nā pūhui kūlohelohe a i ʻole synthetic, ka mea maʻamau i ka alumina oxide a i ʻole alumina. He wahi heheʻe kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa oxidization, no laila hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me nā mīkini, nā kemika, ka ʻaila, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kaʻa.

Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai dielectric maikaʻi loa a hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia no nā insulators uila, nā ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa, nā media wili, a me nā ʻāpana wela kiʻekiʻe. I ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka alumina i ka nui o nā wai kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe ma mua o kekahi mau waikawa ikaika, e alakaʻi iā ia e hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi sila mechanical. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka alumina ke haki maʻalahi ma lalo o ka haʻalulu wela, kahi i kaupalena ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau noi kahi e pilikia ai kēia.

Kalapona（碳）

ʻO ke kalapona i hoʻohana ʻia i nā maka sila he miʻO ke kalapona amorphous a me ka graphite, me nā pākēneka o kēlā me kēia e hoʻoholo i nā waiwai kino ma ka papa hope o ke kalapona. He mea inert a paʻa ia e hiki ke hoʻoluliluli iā ia iho.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he ʻelua o nā maka hope i nā sila mechanical, a he mea kaulana hoʻi ia no nā sila circumferential segmented a me nā apo piston ma lalo o kahi maloʻo a liʻiliʻi paha o ka lubrication. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia hui kalapona/graphite me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi iā ia i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka emi ʻana o ka porosity, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana a i ʻole ka ikaika.

ʻO kahi thermoset resin impregnated carbon seal ka mea maʻamau no nā sila mechanical, me ka hapa nui o nā kalapona resin impregnated hiki ke hana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole mai nā kumu ikaika a hiki i nā waikawa ikaika. Loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai frictional maikaʻi a me kahi modulus kūpono e kōkua i ke kāohi ʻana i nā distortions. Ua kūpono kēia mea i ka hana maʻamau i 260°C (500°F) i loko o ka wai, nā mea hoʻoluʻu, nā wahie, nā aila, nā hoʻonā kemika māmā, a me nā noi meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Ua hōʻoia ʻia ka kūleʻa o nā sila kalapona i hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Antimony ma muli o ka ikaika a me ka modulus o ka antimony, e hana maikaʻi ia no nā noi kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e pono ai kahi mea ikaika a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. ʻOi aku ka paʻa ʻana o kēia mau sila i ka blistering i nā noi me nā wai viscosity kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole hydrocarbons māmā, e hana ana ia i ka pae maʻamau no nā noi hoʻoheheʻe he nui.

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ke kalapona me nā mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni e like me nā fluoride no ka holo maloʻo, nā cryogenics a me nā noi ʻana i ka ʻūhā, a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻopaneʻe oxidation e like me phosphates no ke kiʻekiʻe wela, ka wikiwiki, a me nā noi turbine i 800ft/sec a ma kahi o 537°C (1,000°F).

Buna（丁钠橡胶）

ʻO ka Buna (ʻike pū ʻia ʻo ka nitrile rubber) he elastomer kumu kūʻai no nā apo-O, sealants a me nā huahana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia no kāna hana ʻenehana a hana maikaʻi i ka ʻaila-ʻaila, petrochemical a me nā noi kemika. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ka aila ʻaila, ka wai, ka waiʻona like ʻole, ka momona silicone a me nā noi wai hydraulic ma muli o kona hiki ʻole.

ʻOiai ʻo Buna he copolymer rubber synthetic, hana maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā noi e koi ana i ka hoʻopili metala a me nā mea abrasion-resistant, a ʻo kēia ʻano kemika hoʻi i kūpono ia no nā noi sealant. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke pale i nā mahana haʻahaʻa e like me ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia me ka waika maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa alkali māmā.

Ua kaupalena ʻia ʻo Buna i nā noi me nā kumu koʻikoʻi e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ka wā, ka lā a me nā noi kūʻē i ka mahu, a ʻaʻole kūpono me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe (CIP) i loaʻa nā waikawa a me nā peroxide.

EPDM（三元乙丙橡胶）

ʻO ka EPDM kahi lāʻau synthetic i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka automotive, kūkulu a me nā noi mechanical no nā sila a me nā O-rings, tubing a me nā mea holoi. ʻOi aku ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o ka Buna, akā hiki ke kū i nā ʻano wela, ka wā a me nā waiwai mechanical ma muli o kona ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe. He maʻalahi a kūpono no nā noi e pili ana i ka wai, chlorine, bleach a me nā mea alkaline ʻē aʻe.

Ma muli o kāna mau mea elastika a paʻa, i ka wā e hohola ʻia, hoʻi ka EPDM i kona ʻano kumu me ka nānā ʻole i ka mahana. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo EPDM no ka aila ʻaila, wai, chlorinated hydrocarbon a i ʻole hydrocarbon solvent applications.

Viton（氟橡胶）

ʻO Viton kahi huahana lōʻihi, hana kiʻekiʻe, fluorinated, hydrocarbon rubber i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā O-Rings a me nā sila. ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā mea lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe akā ʻo ia ke koho i makemake ʻia no nā pono paʻakikī a koi ʻia.

Kū'ē i ka ozone, oxidation a me nā kūlana ʻino loa, me nā mea e like me aliphatic a me ka aromatic hydrocarbons, nā wai halogenated a me nā mea waikawa ikaika, ʻo ia kekahi o nā fluoroelastomers ikaika loa.

Ke koho ʻana i ka mea kūpono no ke silahe mea nui no ka holomua o kahi noi. ʻOiai like nā mea sila he nui, lawelawe kēlā me kēia i nā kumu like ʻole e hoʻokō i nā pono kikoʻī.

GFPTFE

Loaʻa i ka GFPTFE ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi, a ʻo ke aniani i hoʻohui ʻia e hōʻemi i ka friction o nā maka sila. He kūpono ia no nā noi maʻemaʻe a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa nā sub-variants e hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi i ka sila i nā koi a me ke kaiapuni, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i kāna hana holoʻokoʻa.